Lithium-ion battery manufacturers
With the increasing prevalence of lithium batteries in various facets of daily life, the choice between traditional AGM batteries and the newer lithium counterparts has become a pivotal decision. As we encounter lithium batteries in an ever-expanding array of applications, it’s crucial to deliberate on the merits of each battery type, aiding users in making an astute and well-informed selection.
Here are a few valuable pointers to meticulously assess the advantages of both battery variants, thereby enabling customers to arrive at an enlightened decision.
Lifespan and Costs
Budget considerations are crucial when choosing between lithium and AGM batteries. Initially, lithium batteries are more expensive than AGM batteries due to the cost of their materials, particularly lithium, which can be pricier and less abundant. AGM batteries are more cost-effective upfront because their materials are readily available and affordable.
However, the lifespan of these batteries should also be factored in. AGM batteries are sensitive to the depth of discharge (DOD), meaning that deeper discharges reduce their cycle life. They are typically recommended to be discharged to only 50% of their capacity to maximize their cycle life. This limitation means that more AGM batteries are needed to achieve a desired capacity, resulting in higher upfront costs and more space for storage.
In contrast, lithium batteries, particularly LiFePO4, are less affected by depth of discharge and have a much longer cycle life. Their DOD of 80-90% means that fewer lithium batteries are required to achieve the same capacity, resulting in cost savings and reduced storage space requirements.
Initial Cost Per Capacity ($/kWh):
AGM – $221
Lithium – $530
Initial Cost Per Life Cycle ($/kWh):
AGM – $0.71
Lithium – $0.19
Technology
While lithium batteries offer several advantages, AGM batteries have a proven, time-tested technology as they have been in use for a longer period. AGM batteries also perform better when charging in freezing temperatures (below zero degrees Celsius), albeit with a slight reduction in efficiency. In contrast, lithium batteries require temperature regulation to operate effectively in below-freezing conditions.
Size and Weight
One significant advantage of lithium batteries is their reduced weight compared to AGM batteries, as they do not contain heavy lead-acid materials. Additionally, their higher DOD of 80-90% means that fewer lithium batteries are needed to achieve a desired capacity, resulting in less space required for storage. This size and weight advantage makes lithium batteries a compelling option for applications where space and weight constraints are critical.
Discharge
The depth of discharge (DOD) of a battery refers to the percentage of its capacity that has been used within a charge cycle. Lithium batteries typically offer a DOD of 80%-90%, whereas AGM batteries only provide a DOD of 50%. This means that AGM batteries are better suited for situations where the RV or device is used intermittently, while lithium batteries are ideal for continuous off-grid use.
Maintenance
LiFePO4 batteries are considered maintenance-free, which simplifies upkeep and reduces hassle for users.
Summary
AGM batteries remain a viable option for certain applications due to their advantages:
Suitable as starting batteries (unlike most lithium batteries)
Better performance in colder conditions
Established, time-tested technology
Can be wired in series
Lower initial cost
Suitable for amateur installers
Lithium batteries, although initially more expensive, offer several benefits:
Up to 15% higher charging efficiency
Up to 50% lighter than AGM batteries
Longer lifespan
Deeper depth of discharge
Cost-effective over time
